Which welding process is primarily used for thicker materials in structural applications?

Stick welding, also known as Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), is primarily used for thicker materials in structural applications due to its versatility and ability to produce welds with excellent penetration. This process utilizes an electrode coated with a flux that melts and forms a protective shield over the weld pool, which is particularly beneficial when working with ferrous metals and in outdoor environments with wind or unfavorable conditions.

The higher heat input and penetration capabilities make stick welding suitable for joints requiring significant strength and durability. It accommodates a wide range of materials including carbon steels, low alloy steels, and, with the right electrodes, even stainless steels, which are typically utilized in structural applications.

Other welding processes, such as MIG (Metal Inert Gas) and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), are commonly used for thinner materials or applications where a more precise finish is required but might not always provide the same depth of penetration as stick welding when working with thick sections. Plasma cutting, on the other hand, is a cutting process rather than a welding process, and therefore, is not applicable for joining materials in structural applications.