What welding process should be used if no processes are specified under the code?

When no specific welding processes are stipulated under the Structural Welding Code – Steel (D1.1), the recommended process is Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). This method is widely recognized for its versatility, ease of use, and ability to produce high-quality welds in a variety of positions and environments. SMAW is also commonly used in construction and fabrication and is often considered a standard process in steel welding.

One of the primary reasons SMAW is preferable when the specific process is not outlined in the code is its broad applicability. It can be used on many steel types and thicknesses, making it a go-to option for many welders. Furthermore, the equipment required for SMAW is generally more accessible, and it does not demand the same level of preparation or shielding gases as other processes might.

In contrast, while other welding processes like Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), and Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) each have their own advantages and specific applications, they are often chosen for particular scenarios that may require specific levels of control, material conditions, or joint configurations. Thus, when no guidance is offered, SMAW stands out as the reliable and standard choice under the