What is the description of submerged arc welding (SAW)?

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is defined as an arc welding process because it utilizes an electric arc between a continuously fed electrode and the workpiece to generate heat. This heat is sufficient to melt the base material and the electrode, allowing for a strong metallurgical bond to form as the molten material solidifies.

In this process, the arc is submerged under a layer of granular fusible material, often referred to as flux, which serves multiple purposes: it helps protect the molten metal from atmospheric contamination, promotes better heat distribution, and reduces spatter. The shielding effect of the flux is crucial as it enhances the quality of the weld.

Understanding that SAW is specifically an arc welding process is vital, as it distinguishes it from other welding techniques such as gas welding, which relies on a flame generated by the combustion of gases, or non-fusion methods that do not involve melting the workpieces. Additionally, mechanical welding processes often involve mechanical devices or mechanisms to join materials, which does not align with the fundamental characteristics of substratum welding.

Thus, recognizing submerged arc welding as an arc welding process is essential for grasping its operational principles and applications within the welding domain.