What does the term 'porosity' refer to in welding?

The term 'porosity' in welding specifically refers to gas pockets or voids that can form within the weld metal. These pockets occur when gas is trapped during the solidification process of the weld, leading to areas of weakness and reduced integrity in the welded joint. Porosity is a critical concern because it can compromise the mechanical properties of the weld, making it susceptible to failure under load or stress.

Identifying and controlling the conditions that lead to porosity, such as the cleanliness of the base materials, the presence of moisture, and the appropriate welding parameters, is crucial for achieving high-quality welds. Understanding the nature and causes of porosity helps welders and inspectors ensure the integrity and reliability of welded structures.